The Ryton® PPS Family

The highly stable chemical bonds of Poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS)  molecular structure impart a remarkable degree of molecular stability toward both thermal degradation and chemical reactivity. 

PPS is a semi-crystalline polymer with a high crystalline melting point of about 285°C (545°F). Because of its molecular structure, PPS also tends to char during combustion, making the material inherently flame retardant.

Discover all Ryton® PPS grades

 

Distinctive Properties

Ryton® PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) compounds offer a unique combination of properties and a cost/performance balance unmatched by other engineering thermoplastics.

Thermal stability

Ryton® PPS has a very high-temperature capability, with a long-term range above 200°C (392°F) and short-term resistance to temperatures up to 260°C (500° F). As shown in the table below, UL thermal indices for Ryton® PPS go up to 240 °C (464 °F).

Ryton-pps-properties-thermal-stability

 

Dimensional stability

Even complex parts can be molded with very tight tolerances and will maintain dimensional stability even at elevated temperatures and  in harsh chemical environments.

Chemical resistance

Ryton® PPS offers excellent resistance to a broad spectrum of chemicals and has no known organic solvent under 200 °C (392 °F). This allows the material to thrive in highly corrosive environments, including all automotive and electronic processing fluids.

Ryton-pps-properties-chemical-resistance

 

Non-Flammability

Ryton® PPS compounds are inherently flame resistant. Most Ryton® PPS compounds have UL 94 V-0 and many have UL 94 5VA non-flammability ratings without using flame retardant additives. The limiting oxygen index of Ryton® PPS compounds is about 50%, making them among the most flame-resistant plastics.

When comparing flammability ratings of engineering plastics, it is important to note that many require flame retardant additives to be classified UL 94 V-0.

Ryton-pps-properties-non-flammability

 

Inherent flame retardancy

Most Ryton® PPS compounds have UL94 V-0 flammability ratings without flame retardant additives.

Chemical Properties

The chemical resistance of Ryton® PPS is well known to be outstanding, even at elevated temperatures. However, being an organic polymer, PPS can be affected by some chemicals under certain conditions.

Over the years, we have accumulated a large database on exposure of Ryton® PPS to a wide variety of chemicals. Although it is not possible to test every chemical, we have seen that chemicals having similar structures and/or properties tend to have similar effects on Ryton® PPS compounds. 

If you require further information, our technical experts can provide opinions about the compatibility of Ryton® PPS compounds or Ryton® PPS Alloy compounds with particular chemical environments.

Chemical Compatibility

An extensive alphabetical list of chemicals with our best general recommendations regarding their compatibility with Ryton® PPS compounds.

Chart Legend

The chart below provides an alphabetical list of chemicals along with our best general recommendations regarding their compatibility with Ryton® PPS compounds. The type face in which the chemical name is printed indicates the extent of available test data:

  • [1]: extensive, long-term test data
  • [2]: We have no actual test data, our recommendations are based on compatibility similar chemicals
  • All others: We have limited, short-term test data


Chemical compatibility is expressed in four general classifications:

  • Acceptable: suitable for extensive exposure even at elevated temperatures
  • Questionable at Elevated Temperatures: caution against extensive exposure to these chemicals at temperatures above 65°C (150°F)
  • Avoid Use of Mineral Filled Grades: acidic chemicals are likely to dissolve common mineral fillers
  • Avoid Exposure: not recommended to use in service with these chemicals except under the limitations cited

 

Chemical Compatibility Chart

Chemical Recommendation
Acetaldehyde [2] Acceptable
Acetic Acid, 10% Acceptable
Acetic Acid, 100% (Glacial) Acceptable
Acetic Anhydride Acceptable
Acetone [2] Acceptable
Acetonitrile Acceptable
Acetophenone Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Acetyl Chloride Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Acetylene [2] Acceptable
Acid Mine Water [2] Acceptable
Acrylic Acid [2] Acceptable
Aluminum Chloride Acceptable
Aluminum Sulfate Acceptable
2-Aminoethanol Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Ammonia, anhydrous [2] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Ammonium Chloride Acceptable
Ammonium Hydroxide Acceptable
Ammonium Nitrate Acceptable
Ammonium Sulfate Acceptable
Amyl Acetate Acceptable
Amyl Alcohol Acceptable
Antifreeze [1] Acceptable
Aniline [1] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Aqua Regia Avoid Exposure
Asphalt Emulsions [2] Acceptable
Barium Chloride Acceptable
Barium Hydroxide [2] Acceptable
Barium Sulfate [2] Acceptable
Benzaldehyde [1] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Benzene [2] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Benzene Sulfonic Acid Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Benzoic Acid [2] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Benzonitrile [1] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Benzoyl Chloride [2] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Benzyl Chloride Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Black Liquor (from pulpwood) [2] Acceptable
Borax Acceptable
Brake Fluid [1] Acceptable
Bromine [1] Avoid Extensive Exposure above 0.1%
Butadiene [2] Acceptable
Butane [2] Acceptable
2-Butanone (Methyl Ethyl Ketone) [1] Acceptable
Butyl Acetate Acceptable
n-Butyl Alcohol [1] Acceptable
Butyl Ether [1] Acceptable
Butyl Phthalate Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Butylamine [1] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Butylene [2] Acceptable
Calcium Chloride Acceptable
Calcium Nitrate Acceptable
Calcium Sulfate [2] Acceptable
Carbon Dioxide Acceptable
Carbon Disulfide [2] Acceptable
Carbon Tetrachloride [1] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Carbonated Water [2] Acceptable
Carbonic Acid [2] Acceptable
Cellosolve Acceptable
Chlorine [1] Avoid Extensive Exposure above 0.1%
Chlorobenzene Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
2-Chloroethanol Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Chloroform [1] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Chlorophenol, 5% Aqueous Acceptable
Chlorosulfonic Acid Avoid Extensive Exposure
Chromic Acid Avoid Extensive Exposure
Clorox (5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite) [1] Acceptable
Copper Chloride Acceptable
Copper Sulfate [2] Acceptable
Cottonseed Oil [2] Acceptable
m-Cresol Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Cresyl Diphenyl Phosphate [1]  
Crude Oil (aromatic) [1] Acceptable
Cyclohexane Acceptable
Cyclohexanol [1] Acceptable
Cyclohexanone Acceptable
Detergents [2] Acceptable
1,2- Dichloroethane [1] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Dichloromethane Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Diesel Fuel [1] Acceptable
Diethanolamine, 25% [1] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Diethyl Ether [2] Acceptable
Diisobutylene Acceptable
Dimethyl Phthalate Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Dimethyl Sulfoxide Acceptable
Dimethylaniline Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
N,N-Dimethylformamide Acceptable
Dioctyl Phthalate Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
p-Dioxane [1] Acceptable
Diphenyl Ether [2] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Dowtherm [1] Acceptable
Engine Oil [1] Acceptable
Epichlorohydrin Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Ethane [2] Acceptable
Ethanolamine Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
2-Ethoxyethanol Acceptable
Ethyl Acetate [1] Acceptable
Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol) [1] Acceptable
Ethyl Chloride [2] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Ethyl Ether [2] Acceptable
Ethyl Mercaptan [2] Acceptable
Ethylene [2] Acceptable
Ethylene Chloride Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Ethylene Chlorohydrin Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Ethylene Dichloride Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Ethylene Glycol [1] Acceptable
Ethylene Glycol Monoethylether Acceptable
Ethylenediamine Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Ferric Chloride Acceptable
Ferrous Chloride [2] Acceptable
Fluorosilicic Acid, 25% Acceptable
Formaldehyde Acceptable
Formic Acid Acceptable
Freon [1] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Fuel Oil [2] Acceptable
Furan Acceptable
Furfural Acceptable
Gasohol (Gasoline/Alcohol) Acceptable
Gasoline [1] Acceptable
Glycolic Acid Acceptable
Heptane Acceptable
Hexane [2] Acceptable
Hexene [2] Acceptable
HFC-134a Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Hydraulic Fluid, Aircraft [1] Acceptable
Hydrazine [2] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Hydrobromic Acid [2] Avoid Extensive Exposure above 0.1%
Hydrochloric Acid [1] Avoid Extensive Exposure above 0.1%
Hydrofluoric Acid Avoid Extensive Exposure above 0.1%
Hydrogen Gas [2] Acceptable
Hydrogen Peroxide [2] Avoid Extensive Exposure above 5%
Hydrogen Sulfide Acceptable
Iodine [2] Avoid Extensive Exposure above 0.1%
Isopropyl Alcohol Acceptable
Isopropyl Mercaptan [2] Acceptable
Jet Fuel Acceptable
Kerosene Acceptable
Lactic Acid Acceptable
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) [2] Acceptable
Lithium Bromide [2] Acceptable
Lubricating Oil [2] Acceptable
Magnesium Chloride Acceptable
Magnesium Hydroxide [2] Acceptable
Methane [2] Acceptable
Methoxy Propanol [1] Acceptable
Methyl Acrylate [2] Acceptable
Methyl Alcohol (Methanol) [1] Acceptable
Methyl Ethyl Ketone [1] Acceptable
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Acceptable
Methyl Mercaptan [2] Acceptable
Methyl Methacrylate [2] Acceptable
Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) Acceptable
Methylene Chloride Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
N-Methylpyrrolidinone [1] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Mineral Oil Acceptable
Morpholine Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Motor Oil [1] Acceptable
Naphtha [2] Acceptable
Naphthalene [2] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Nitric Acid [1] Avoid Extensive Exposure above 0.1%
Nitrobenzene [1] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Nitrogen Acceptable
Nitrogen Tetroxide [2] Avoid Extensive Exposure above 0.1%
Nitromethane Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Ozone [1] Avoid Extensive Exposure above 100 ppm
Perchloroethylene [2] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Peroxyacetic Acid [2] Avoid Extensive Exposure above 1%
Peroxybenzoic Acid [2] Avoid Extensive Exposure above 1%
Phenol [1] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Phosphoric Acid [1] Avoid Use of Mineral Filled Grades
Phosphorus Trichloride Acceptable
Potassium Chloride [2] Acceptable
Potassium Dichromate Avoid Extensive Exposure above 0.1%
Potassium Hydroxide [2] Acceptable
Potassium Permanganate Avoid Extensive Exposure above 0.1%
Propane [2] Acceptable
Propyl Mercaptan [2] Acceptable
Propylene [2] Acceptable
Propylene Chlorohydrin [2] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Propylene Glycol Monomethylether [1] Acceptable
Pyridine Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Rapeseed (Rape) Oil [2] Acceptable
Rape Oil Methyl Ester [2] Acceptable
Refrigerant R-22 [1] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Sodium Acetate Acceptable
Sodium Bicarbonate Acceptable
Sodium Bisulfate Acceptable
Sodium Carbonate Acceptable
Sodium Chloride Acceptable
Sodium Cyanide [2] Acceptable
Sodium Dichromate Avoid Extensive Exposure above 0.1%
Sodium Hydrosulfite [2] Acceptable
Sodium Hydroxide [1] Acceptable
Sodium Hypochlorite [1] Avoid Extensive Exposure above 5%
Sodium Nitrate Acceptable
Sodium Sulfate Acceptable
Sodium Sulfide Acceptable
Sodium Thiosulfate Acceptable
Steam Acceptable
Stoddard Solvent Acceptable
Sulfolane Acceptable
Sulfur Dioxide [2] Acceptable
Sulfuric Acid [1] Avoid Use of Mineral Filled Grades
Tetrahydrofuran Acceptable
Thiophenol [2] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Toluene [1] Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Tomato Juice Acceptable
Transmission Fluid [1] Acceptable
Trichloroacetic Acid Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
1,1,1-Trichloroethane Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Trichloroethylene Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Trichlorotrifluoroethane Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Triethyl Phosphate Acceptable
Triethylamine Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Triphenyl Phosphite Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Trisodium Phosphate Acceptable
Turpentine Acceptable
Vegetable Oil Acceptable
Vinegar Acceptable
Water Acceptable
Water: Salt Water, Sea Water, Tap Water Acceptable
Xylene Questionable at Elevated Temperatures
Zinc Chloride [1] Acceptable
Acids, Bases & Salts

Most water-based solutions of acids, bases, or neutral salts have no different effect on Ryton® PPS compounds than water alone. The primary exceptions are strong oxidizing acids, such as nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, or peroxy acids (see Oxidizing Chemicals). Relatively non-oxidizing acids, such as sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, have little effect on PPS except under very severe conditions, such as high concentration and temperature.

Strong bases, such as concentrated sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solutions, do not degrade PPS. Acids and bases tend to enhance and accelerate hydrolytic attack of polymer-reinforcement interfaces (see Hot Water), but the ultimate reduction in performance is typically not much worse than what occurs in water alone. We generally do not recommend use of compounds containing mineral fillers in service with strong acids (pH < 2) because of the susceptibility of some mineral fillers to acid digestion.

 

Effects of 50% Aqueous Zinc Chloride on Ryton® PPS Compounds
Ryton® PPS Compound 
Exposure Conditions

Tensile 
Strength 
Retained

Weight 
Change

Transverse 
Swell

R-4-200BL
 200 hours, 185°F (85°C)

101%

+ 0.1 %

+ 0.1 %

BR111BL
 200 hours, 185°F (85°C)

97%

0.0 %

0.0 %

 

Effects of Strong Acids and Strong Bases on Ryton® R-4 PPS
Chemical 
Exposure Conditions

Tensile 
Strength 
Retained

Weight 
Change

Transverse 
Swell

37% Hydrochloric Acid
 24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

61%

+ 1.5 %

 

 3 months, 200°F (93°C)

35%

- 10.2 %

 

 12 months, 200°F (93°C)

27%

- 0.7 %

 

10% Nitric Acid
 24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

91%

0.0 %

 

 3 months, 200°F (93°C)

0%

-----

 

85% Phosphoric Acid
 24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

100%

0.0 %

 

 3 months, 200°F (93°C)

99%

- 0.3 %

 

 12 months, 200°F (93°C)

89%

- 7.2 %

 

30% Sulfuric Acid
 24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

94%

+ 1.3 %

 

 3 months, 200°F (93°C)

89%

+ 1.3 %

 

 12 months, 200°F (93°C)

61%

+ 3.1 %

 

50% Sulfuric Acid
 1 week, 200°F (93°C)

80%

 

+ 1.8 %

 16 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

69%

 

+ 0.8 %

 52 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

73%

 

+ 1.6 %

80% Sulfuric Acid
 1 week, 200°F (93°C)

85%

 

+ 1.5 %

 16 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

85%

 

+ 0.6 %

 52 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

46%

 

+ 2.1 %

30% Sodium Hydroxide
 24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

100%

+ 0.1 %

 

 3 months, 200°F (93°C)

89%

+ 10.5%

 

 12 months, 200°F (93°C)

63%

+ 13.0 %

 

Automotive Fluids

Extensive test data demonstrates that Ryton® PPS compounds, regardless of the filler and/or additives used, are virtually impervious to all common automotive fuels (including alcohol-containing flex fuels), lubricating oils, transmission fluids, brake fluids, and other hydraulic fluids. Although differences in fillers and additives can affect resistance to engine coolants, Ryton® PPS compounds are generally very resistant to glycol-based and silicone containing coolants, even at elevated temperatures.

Ryton® R-4-220NA is specially formulated for enhanced resistance to the detrimental effects of water at elevated temperatures (see Hot Water), and therefore tends to retain a greater degree of mechanical strength over long-term exposure to high temperature engine coolants, especially the more aggressive "OAT" and "hybrid" type “long-life” engine coolants.

Hot Water

Hot water can have a negative impact on the mechanical properties of glass-fiber reinforced grades. Ryton® PPS polymer is not hydrolyzed by hot water and Ryton® R-4-220NA PPS, Ryton® R-4-220BL PPS and Ryton® R-7-220BL PPS have been specially formulated for enhanced resistance to hot water. For more information, refer to the Resistance of Ryton® PPS to Hot Chlorinated Water technical bulletin.

Effects of Hot Water on Ryton® PPS Compounds
Ryton® PPS Compound 
Exposure Conditions

Tensile 
Strength 
Retained

Weight 
Change

Transverse 
Swell

Unfilled PPS
3 months, 200°F (93°C)

100%

+ 1.9 %

 

6 months, 200°F (93°C)

94%

+ 1.8 %

 

12 months, 200°F (93°C)

91%

+ 2.0 %

 

1 week, 300°F (149°C)

95%

 

 

4 weeks, 300°F (149°C)

91%

 

 

10 days, 350°F (177°C)

97%

 

 

R-4
48 weeks, 171°F (77°C)

76%

+ 0.4 %

 

48 weeks, 185°F (85°C)

59%

+ 0.5 %

 

48 weeks, 199°F (93°C)

52%

+ 0.6 %

 

1 week, 284°F (140°C)

51%

+ 0.2 %

+ 0.2 %

4 weeks, 284°F (140°C)

44%

+ 0.3 %

+ 0.0 %

16 weeks, 284°F (140°C)

46%

+ 0.4 %

+ 0.4 %

R-4XT
1 week, 284°F (140°C)

77%

+ 0.2 %

+ 0.0 %

4 weeks, 284°F (140°C)

64%

+ 0.2 %

+ 0.2 %

16 weeks, 284°F (140°C)

52%

+ 0.3 %

+ 0.2 %

R-4-220NA
1 week, 284°F (140°C)

97%

+ 0.1 %

+ 0.1 %

4 weeks, 284°F (140°C)

86%

+ 0.2 %

+ 0.0 %

16 weeks, 284°F (140°C)

81%

+ 0.2 %

+ 0.2 %

BR111
1 week, 284°F (140°C)

74%

+ 0.2 %

+ 0.2 %

4 weeks, 284°F (140°C)

59%

+ 0.2 %

+ 0.2 %

16 weeks, 284°F (140°C)

52%

+ 0.3 %

+ 0.2 %

R-7-220BL
500 hours, 284°F (140°C)

80%

+ 0.9 %

 

1000 hours, 284°F (140°C)

75%

+ 0.9 %

 

2000 hours, 284°F (140°C)

73%

+ 0.9 %

 

Organic Chemicals

Non-oxidizing organic chemicals generally have little effect on Ryton® PPS compounds, but amines, aromatic compounds, and halogenated compounds may cause some swelling and softening over extended periods of time at elevated temperatures. Ryton® PPS is practically unaffected by many organic chemicals, even under conditions that will dissolve or destroy other plastics, however some classes of organic chemicals can compromise the PPS polymer matrix. Non-aromatic, non-halogenated alcohols, aldehydes, alkanes, alkenes, esters, ethers, and ketones are all generally suitable for service with Ryton® PPS compounds, even at elevated temperatures.

 

Effects of Organic Chemicals on Ryton® R-4 PPS Compounds
Chemical 
Exposure Conditions

Tensile 
Strength 
Retained

Weight 
Change

Transverse 
Swell

Aniline
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

100%

+ 1.0 %

 

3 months, 200°F (93°C)

86%

+ 5.1 %

 

12 months, 200°F (93°C)

42%

+ 5.7 %

 

Benzaldehyde
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

97%

+ 1.5 %

 

3 months, 200°F (93°C)

47%

+ 5.7 %

 

12 months, 200°F (93°C)

42%

+ 6.5 %

 

Benzonitrile
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

100%

+ 0.7 %

 

3 months, 200°F (93°C)

79%

+ 4.1 %

 

12 months, 200°F (93°C)

39%

+ 5.5 %

 

n-Butyl Alcohol
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

100%

0.0 %

 

3 months, 200°F (93°C)

92%

+ 0.1 %

 

12 months, 200°F (93°C)

80%

0.0 %

 

Butyl Ether
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

100%

0.0 %

 

3 months, 200°F (93°C)

89%

+ 0.7 %

 

12 months, 200°F (93°C)

79%

+ 0.8 %

 

Butylamine
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

96%

+ 0.8 %

 

3 months, 200°F (93°C)

46%

+ 3.5 %

 

Carbon Tetrachloride
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

100%

+ 1.0 %

 

3 months, 200°F (93°C)

48%

+ 6.5 %

 

12 months, 200°F (93°C)

25%

+ 9.9 %

 

Chloroform
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

81%

+ 4.0 %

 

3 months, 200°F (93°C)

77%

+ 9.0 %

 

12 months, 200°F (93°C)

43%

+ 3.9 %

 

Cresyl Diphenyl Phosphate
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

100%

+ 0.1 %

 

3 months, 200°F (93°C)

100%

+ 2.2 %

 

12 months, 200°F (93°C)

95%

+ 0.5 %

 

Crude Oil (aromatic)
4 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

101%

 

 

16 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

98%

 

 

52 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

100%

 

 

Cyclohexanol
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

100%

0.0 %

 

3 months, 200°F (93°C)

91%

+ 0.2 %

 

12 months, 200°F (93°C)

86%

+ 0.1 %

 

1,2-Dichloroethane
2 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

108%

+ 4.2 %

+ 2.5 %

8 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

96%

+ 4.5 %

+ 2.8 %

24 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

104%

+ 4.3 %

+ 2.3 %

Diesel Fuel
8 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

100%

 

 

28 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

94%

 

 

52 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

99%

 

 

25% Diethanolamine
1 week, 212°F (100°C)

100%

 

 

4 weeks, 212°F (100°C)

95%

 

 

p-Dioxane
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

99%

+ 1.4 %

 

3 months, 200°F (93°C)

96%

+ 5.2 %

 

12 months, 200°F (93°C)

82%

 

 

Ethyl Acetate
2 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

114%

+ 0.8 %

+ 0.8 %

8 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

111%

+ 1.9 %

+ 1.3 %

24 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

114%

+ 2.0 %

+ 1.2 %

Ethyl Alcohol
2 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

100%

+ 0.1 %

- 0.8 %

8 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

102%

+ 0.6 %

+ 0.7 %

24 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

100%

+ 0.9 %

+ 0.8 %

Freon 113 / 10% Oil
4 weeks, 100°F (38°C)

101%

+ 0.1 %

 

12 weeks, 100°F (38°C)

98%

0.0 %

 

24 weeks, 100°F (38°C)

103%

0.0 %

 

Hydraulic Fluid, Aircraft
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

100%

+ 0.03 %

 

1 weeks, 140°F 60°C)

95%

+ 0.02 %

 

3 months, 140°F (60°C)

99%

- 0.02 %

 

Methyl Ethyl Ketone
2 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

115%

+ 1.1 %

+ 1.0 %

8 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

112%

+ 1.9 %

+ 1.7 %

24 weeks, 200°F (93°C)

115%

+ 1.9 %

+ 1.6 %

N-Methylpyrrolidinone
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

100%

+ 1.5 %

 

3 months, 200°F (93°C)

92%

+ 5.7 %

 

12 months, 200°F (93°C)

80%

+ 5.0 %

 

Nitrobenzene
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

100%

+ 1.3 %

 

3 months, 200°F (93°C)

63%

+ 6.6 %

 

12 months, 200°F (93°C)

31%

+ 7.3 %

 

Phenol
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

100%

+ 0.5 %

 

3 months, 200°F (93°C)

92%

+ 2.3 %

 

12 months, 200°F (93°C)

63%

+ 3.1 %

 

Refrigerant R-22
4 weeks, 165°F (74°C)

108%

 

 

8 weeks, 165°F (74°C)

107%

 

 

12 weeks, 165°F (74°C)

121%

 

 

Toluene
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

100%

+ 1.1 %

 

3 months, 200°F (93°C)

70 %

+ 4.9 %

 

12 months, 200°F (93°C)

41%

+ 4.9 %

 

Oxidizing Chemicals

Avoid exposure of Ryton® PPS compounds or Ryton® PPS Alloy compounds to these chemicals except at low concentrations or for very brief periods.

Listed below are some of the strong oxidizing agents and oxidizing acids known or expected to attack and degrade polyphenylene sulfide. We generally do not recommend using Ryton® PPS in extensive service with these chemicals. However, service in the presence of many of these chemicals under relatively mild conditions may be acceptable. For example, Ryton® PPS can withstand common disinfectant solutions that contain low concentrations of some these chemicals (such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, or chlorine). Tests and field service experience have also shown that Ryton® PPS can withstand the small quantities of nitric acid and other acids present in flue gases.

  Nitric Acid 
Chromic Acid 
Chlorosulfonic Acid 
Sodium Hypochlorite 
Hydrogen Peroxide 
Potassium Permanganate 
Potassium Bichromate 
Sodium Bichromate 
Ozone
Hydrochloric Acid 
Hydrobromic Acid 
Hydrofluoric Acid 
Chlorine 
Bromine 
Iodine 
Nitrogen Tetroxide 
Peroxyacetic Acid 
Peroxybenzoic Acid
 

 

Effects of Oxidizing Chemicals on Ryton® R-4 PPS
Chemical 
Exposure Conditions

Tensile 
Strength 
Retained

Weight 
Change

37% Hydrochloric Acid
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

61%

+1.5%

3 months, 200°F (93°C)

35%

-10.2%

12 months, 200°F (93°C)

27%

-0.7%

10% Nitric Acid
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

91%

0.0%

3 months, 200°F (93°C)

0%

----

Ozone, 1.35 ppm
4 weeks, 208°F (98°C)

93%

 

5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite
24 hours, 200°F (93°C)

94%

-1.2%

3 months, 200°F (93°C)

77%

+0.4%

12 months, 200°F (93°C)

61%

+0.3%

Chemical 
Exposure Conditions

Flexural 
Strength 
Retained

Weight 
Change

1.5% Bromine
1 month, 180°F (82°C)

75%

 

2 months, 180°F (82°C)

60%

-3.1%

3.3% Bromine
1 month, 73°F (23°C)

62%

 

3 months, 73°F (23°C)

36%

-0.8%

0.26% Chlorine
1 month, 180°F (82°C)

85%

 

3 months, 180°F (82°C)

78%

-1.5%

0.7% Chlorine
1 month, 73°F (23°C)

97%

 

3 months, 73°F (23°C)

99%

+1.4%

Radiation

Ryton® PPS can withstand both gamma and neutron radiation exposure.

Ryton® PPS compounds are used in many nuclear installation applications because they can withstand both gamma and neutron radiation. The data tabulated below shows that 40% glass fiber reinforced PPS (Ryton® R-4 PPS) and glass and mineral filled PPS (Ryton® R-10 PPS) compounds exhibited no significant deterioration of mechanical properties after relatively high exposures to gamma and neutron radiation. Other 40% glass fiber reinforced PPS or glass and mineral filled PPS compounds would be expected to show similar resistance to degradation by radiation exposure.

 

Effects of Radiation Exposure on Ryton® PPS Compounds

Gamma Radiation
Ryton® PPS Compound 
Exposure Conditions

Tensile 
Strength 
Retained

Flexural 
Strength 
Retained

Flexural 
Modulus 
Retained

R-4
5 x 108 rads at 30°C (86°F)

-----

103%

95%

1 x 109 rads at 30°C (86°F)

-----

105%

97%

5 x 109 rads at 30°C (86°F)

-----

99%

96%

3 x 108 rads at 50-55°C (122-131°F)

100%

93%

102%

R-10 5002C
3 x 108 rads at 50-55°C (122-131°F)

97%

99%

103%

R-10 7006A
3 x 108 rads at 50-55°C (122-131°F)

102%

99%

101%

Neutron Radiation
Ryton® PPS Compound 
Exposure Conditions

Tensile 
Strength 
Retained

Flexural 
Strength 
Retained

Flexural 
Modulus 
Retained

R-4
5 x 108 rads at 30°C (86°F)

-----

101%

100%

1 x 109 rads at 30°C (86°F)

-----

101%

99%

4 x 108 rads at 50-55°C (122-131°F)

90%

86%

102%

R-10 5002C
4 x 108 rads at 50-55°C (122-131°F)

84%

94%

100%

R-10 7006A
4 x 108 rads at 50-55°C (122-131°F)

87%

95%

97%

Thermal Aging

Ryton® PPS compounds and Ryton® PPS Alloy compounds are highly resistant to thermal oxidative degradation at elevated temperatures.

Ryton® PPS compounds exhibit exceptional resistance to thermal oxidative degradation during long-term exposure to elevated temperatures. Ryton® PPS Alloy compounds also exhibit excellent performance in this regard. The data tabulated below shows the excellent property retention of Ryton® PPS compounds and Ryton® PPS Alloy compounds after thermal aging in air at various temperatures. In these studies, test specimens were aged in forced draft ovens, and samples were removed periodically and tested for tensile strength, modulus (tensile or flexural) and impact strength (unnotched izod or unnotched charpy impact). Under its Component Recognition Program, Underwriters Laboratories (UL) also maintains documentation of studies of the long-term thermal endurance of Ryton® PPS compounds, and UL has established relative thermal indices (RTIs) of 200°C to 240°C (392°F to 464°F) for almost all Ryton® PPS compounds (see UL Yellow Card Listings).

Effects of Thermal Aging on Ryton® PPS Compounds and Ryton® PPS Alloy Compounds

Thermal Aging at 150°C
Ryton® PPS Compound 
Hours at 302°F (150°C)
Tensile 
Strength 
Retained
Flexural 
Modulus 
Retained
Impact 
Strength 
Retained
XE5030BL
500 hours 79% 96% 97%
3000 hours 100% 101% 93%
5000 hours 101% 101% 92%
XE4050BL
500 hours 86% 100% 104%
3000 hours 105% 103% 98%
5000 hours 99% 102% 85%
Thermal Aging at 165°C
Ryton® PPS Compound 
Hours at 329°F (165°C)
Tensile 
Strength 
Retained
Flexural 
Modulus 
Retained
Impact 
Strength 
Retained
R-4-200BL
500 hours 100% 99% 94%
1000 hours 96% 98% 77%
2000 hours 97% 100% 82%
BR111BL
500 hours 105% 99% 91%
1000 hours 102% 101% 99%
2000 hours 99% 95% 86%
XK2340
500 hours 84% 104% 52%
1000 hours 82% 108% 49%
2000 hours 76% 106% 43%
Thermal Aging at 200°C
Ryton® PPS Compound 
Hours at 392°F (200°C)
Tensile 
Strength 
Retained
Flexural 
Modulus 
Retained
Impact 
Strength 
Retained
R-4-200BL
500 hours 85% 104% 67%
1000 hours 81% 107% 66%
2000 hours 74% 104% 56%
R-4-200NA
2000 hours 76% 105% 54%
XK2340
2000 hours 46% 110% 21%
XE5030BL
2000 hours 77% 112% 39%
XE4050BL
2000 hours 81% 119% 37%
Thermal Aging at 220°C
Ryton® PPS Compound 
Hours at 428°F (220°C)
Tensile 
Strength 
Retained
Tensile 
Modulus 
Retained
Impact 
Strength 
Retained
R-4-200BL
500 hours 80% 107% -----
1000 hours 79% 107% -----
3000 hours 72% 94% -----
R-4-220BL
500 hours 82% 109% -----
1000 hours 77% 98% -----
3000 hours 76% 97% -----
XE5030BL
500 hours 82% 103% 45%
1000 hours 82% 106% 43%
2000 hours 80% 108% 40%
3000 hours 77% 109% 37%
XE4050BL
500 hours 88% 105% 46%
1000 hours 89% 108% 46%
2000 hours 89% 113% 41%
3000 hours 87% 114% 46%
Thermal Aging at 240°C
Ryton® PPS Compound 
Hours at 464°F (240°C)
Tensile 
Strength 
Retained
Flexural 
Modulus 
Retained
Impact 
Strength 
Retained
R-4-200BL
504 hours 75% 113% 58%
1002 hours 75% 114% 51%
2112 hours 69% 122% 51%
2994 hours 65% 125% 41%
BR111
504 hours 89% 103% 57%
1002 hours 85% 100% 52%
2112 hours 83% 110% 53%
2994 hours 78% 114% 48%
UV Light and Weathering

Although exposure to UV light and weathering may cause some surface degradation and erosion, the mechanical properties of Ryton® PPS will be relatively unaffected.

Although exposure of Ryton® PPS to UV light may cause some surface degradation and erosion, the properties of the bulk material generally are relatively unaffected by such exposure. In the study summarized below, Ryton® R-4 PPS (which has no UV inhibitor) and Ryton® R-4 PPS with 2% carbon black as UV inhibitor were subjected to aging in an Atlas Weatherometer and suffered minimal property loss. Many Ryton® PPS compounds have been rated suitable for outdoor use with respect to UV light exposure, water exposure and water immersion in accordance with UL746C (see UL Yellow Card Listings). However, since some discoloration and attrition of surface material may occur over time with UV exposure and weathering, part surface finish should not be expected to remain unchanged over the long term.

Effects of Weatherometer Aging on Ryton® PPS Compounds
Ryton® PPS Compound 
Hours of Exposure

Tensile 
Strength 
kpsi

Elongation

Surface 
Erosion 
mm

R-4
0

16.7

1.1 %

 

2000

15.3

1.2 %

 

6000

15.5

1.4 %

 

8000

14.4

1.2 %

 

10000

10.6

0.6 %

0.33

R-4 with 2% Carbon Black
0

17.4

1.2 %

 

2000

17.3

1.1 %

 

6000

17.3

0.9 %

 

8000

16.8

1.0 %

0.05

Engineering Properties

Detailed engineering properties are available for commonly used Ryton® PPS compounds and Ryton® PPS Alloy compounds. These feature industry-standard test methods and typical end-use operating conditions. 

If you are unable to locate data for the test method or product required, please contact our technical experts for further assistance.

Abrasion & Friction

Thrust Washer Test

The dynamic coefficient of friction and wear rate of Ryton® PPS compounds has been determined using a Thrust Washer machine according to ASTM D 3702. In this test, a specimen having a ring-shaped test surface is rotated against a stationary steel washer at a specified speed and under a specified weight for a specified period of time, and the reduction in thickness of the test specimen is then measured. The dynamic coefficient of friction may also be determined from the torque on the rotating specimen during the test. These tests were performed dry, at 36 rpm (velocity 10 ft/min, 3.05 m/min), under a 50 pound (22.7 kg) test load (250 psi, 1.72 MPa).

 

Coefficient of Friction and Wear Resistance of Ryton® PPS Compounds

Ryton® PPS Compound Countersurface Test Duration Material COF Material Wear Rate Countersurface Wear Rate
    hours   g/hr in/hr mm/hr g/hr
R-4 52100 Steel (Rc 60) 10 0.50 1.2 x 10-2 2.2 x 10-3 5.5 x 10-2 7.0 x 10-3
BR42B 52100 Steel (Rc 60) 100 0.32 3.8 x 10-4 6.2 x 10-5 1.6 x 10-3 3.0 x 10-4
R-4-200NA 1018 Steel (Rc 20) 20 0.40 6.2 x 10-3 1.0 x 10-3 2.6 x 10-2 3.6 x 10-3
R-4-220BL 1018 Steel (Rc 20) 20 0.43 7.4 x 10-3 1.3 x 10-3 3.3 x 10-2 3.9 x 10-3
BR42B 1018 Steel (Rc 20) 160 0.39 3.7 x 10-4 6.0 x 10-5 1.5 x 10-3 2.1 x 10-4

 

Taber Abrasion Test

The abrasion resistance of Ryton® PPS compounds has been determined using the Taber abrasion apparatus according to ASTM D 1044. In this test, a flat plaque test specimen is mounted on a turntable in contact with a weighted abrasive wheel, and after a selected number of revolutions of the wheel at constant speed, the weight loss of the specimen is determined.

Taber Abrasion Testing of Ryton® PPS Compounds
      Weight Loss (g) After Indicated Number of Revolutions
Ryton® PPS Compound Wheel Load 500 1000 1500 2000 10000
R-4 CS-10 1 kg ----- 0.070 ----- ----- -----
R-4-02 CS-10 1 kg ----- 0.040 ----- ----- -----
R-4-220NA CS-10 1 kg ----- 0.054 ----- ----- -----
R-7-120NA CS-10 1 kg ----- 0.064 ----- ----- -----
BR111 CS-10 1 kg ----- 0.051 ----- ----- -----
BR42B CS-10 1 kg ----- 0.015 ----- ----- -----
XK2340 CS-10 1 kg ----- 0.031 ----- ----- -----
R-4-200BL CS-17 1 kg ----- 0.057 ----- ----- 0.625
R-4-220BL CS-17 1 kg 0.040 0.056 0.066 0.077 -----
R-7-120BL CS-17 1 kg 0.047 0.079 0.103 0.130 -----
XE5030BL CS-17 1 kg ----- 0.055 ----- ----- 0.632
XE4050BL CS-17 1 kg ----- 0.107 ----- ----- 0.976

 

Coefficient of Friction

The coefficient of friction of 40% glass fiber reinforced PPS (Ryton® R-4 PPS) was determined using the Alpha Molykote LFW-1 friction and wear test machine. The flat block test specimens were run against a steel ring at selected speeds under a 15 pound (6.8 kg) load. There appeared to be little difference in the static and dynamic coefficient of friction.

Coefficient of Friction of 40% Glass Fiber Reinforced PPS
  Speed COF
0 rpm (static) 0 ft/min (0 m/min) 0.50
100 rpm (dynamic) 29 ft/min (8.8 m/min) 0.55
190 rpm (dynamic) 55 ft/min (16.8 m/min) 0.53

 

Creep

Creep Charts for Ryton® PPS Compounds

XK2340 Tensile Creep

Ryton-XK2340-creep-data

 

E5030BL Tensile Creep

Ryton-XE5030BL-creep-data

 

​XE4050BL Tensile Creep

Ryton-XE4050BL-creep-data

 

R-7-220BL Tensile Creep

Ryton-R7220BL-creep-data

 

R-4 Tensile Creep

Ryton-R4-creep-data

 

R-7-120BL Tensile Creep

Ryton-R7120BL-creep-data

 

R-4-02XT Tensile Creep

Ryton-R402XT-creep-data

 

R-4-200BL Tensile Creep

Ryton-R4200BL-creep-data

 

BR42B Tensile Creep

Ryton-BR42B-creep-data

 

BR111 Tensile Creep

Ryton-BR111-creep-data

 

Fatigue

S / N Curves for Ryton® PPS Compounds

BR111 Flexural Fatigue

Ryton-BR111-flexural-fatigue

 

BR111 Tensile Fatigue

Ryton-BR111-tensile-fatigue

 

BR42B Flexural Fatigue

Ryton-BR42B-flexural-fatigue

 

R-4 Tensile Fatigue

Ryton-R4-tensile-fatigue

 

R-4-02XT Tensile Fatigue

Ryton-R402XT-tensile-fatigue

 

R-4-200BL Tensile Fatigue

Ryton-R4200BL-tensile-fatigue

 

R-7-120BL Tensile Fatigue

Ryton-R7120BL-tensile-fatigue

 

Mechanical Properties

Mechanical Properties of Ryton® PPS Compounds at Various Temperatures

Tensile Strength

Nominal Tensile Strength of Ryton® PPS Compounds from -40°C to 200°C

Ryton® PPS Compound   -40°C 

-40°F
23°C 

73°F
50°C 

122°F
75°C 

167°F
100°C 

212°F
150°C 

302°F
200°C 

392°F
R-4-200BL MPa 195 180 160 140 105 65 45
  kpsi 28 26 23 20 15 9,5 6,5
R-4-220BL MPa 190 175 160 145 110 65 50
  kpsi 28 25 23 21 16 9,5 7,5
R-4-230BL  MPa 135 130 130 130 110 70 45
  kpsi 20 19 19 19 16 10 6,5
R-4-240BL MPa 195 165 150 130 100 60 45
  kpsi 28 24 22 19 15 8,5 6,5
R-7-120BL MPa 175 135 120 120 100 70 50
  kpsi 25 20 17 17 15 8,5 6,5
R-7-220BL MPa 185 160 150 140 115 80 60
  kpsi 27 23 22 20 17 12 8,5
BR111BL MPa 220 190 165 155 120 75 55
  kpsi 32 28 24 23 17 11 8.0
BR42B MPa 220 190 165 155 120 75 55
  kpsi 32 28 24 23 17 11 8.0
XE5030BL MPa 160 130 110 95 75 45 35
  kpsi 23 19 16 14 11 7.5 6.0
XK2340 MPa 205 195 165 140 120 90 75
  kpsi 30 28 24 20 17 13 11

Test Method: ISO 527 

Test Specimen Molding Conditions: Melt Temperature 315-343°C (600-650°F); Mold Temperature 135°C (275°F)

THE NOMINAL PROPERTIES REPORTED HEREIN ARE TYPICAL OF THE PRODUCTS BUT DO NOT REFLECT NORMAL TESTING VARIANCES AND THEREFORE SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR SPECIFICATION PURPOSES.

 

Tensile Modulus

Nominal Tensile Modulus of Ryton® PPS Compounds from -40°C to 200°C

Ryton® PPS Compound   -40°C 

-40°F
23°C 

73°F
50°C 

122°F
75°C 

167°F
100°C 

212°F
150°C 

302°F
200°C 

392°F
R-4-200BL GPa 16 14 14 14 12 7.0 5.0
  Mpsi 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.0 0.7
R-4-220BL GPa 15 14 14 14 11 6.0 5.5
  Mpsi 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.6 0.9 0.8
R-4-230BL GPa 16 14 15 14 11 7.0 5.5
  Mpsi 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.6 1.0 0.8
R-4-240BL GPa 13 13 13 13 10 5.0 4.0
  Mpsi 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.5 0.7 0.6
R-7-120BL GPa 21 19 18 17 16 7.0 6.5
  Mpsi 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 1.0 1.0
R-7-220BL GPa 17 17 16 16 12 8.0 7.0
  Mpsi 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 1.8 1.2 1.0
BR111BL GPa 20 21 20 20 15 8.5 7.5
  Mpsi 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.2 1.2 1.1
BR42B GPa 17 16 16 15 12 7.5 6.0
  Mpsi 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.2 1.8 1.1 0.9
XE5030BL GPa 10 10 10 10 7.0 4.0 3.5
  Mpsi 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.6 0.5
XE4050BL GPa 12 11 11 10 7.5 4.0 3.5
  Mpsi 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.1 0.6 0.5
XK2340 GPa 18 15 12 11 9.5 7.5 7.0
  Mpsi 2.6 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.0

Test Method: ISO 527

Test Specimen Molding Conditions: Melt Temperature 315-343°C (600-650°F); Mold Temperature 135°C (275°F)

THE NOMINAL PROPERTIES REPORTED HEREIN ARE TYPICAL OF THE PRODUCTS BUT DO NOT REFLECT NORMAL TESTING VARIANCES AND THEREFORE SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR SPECIFICATION PURPOSES.

Stress/Strain

Stress / Strain Curves for Ryton® PPS Compounds

R-4-200BL Tensile Stress/Strain Curves

Ryton-R4200BL-tensile-stress-strain

 

R-7-120BL Tensile Stress/Strain Curves

Ryton-R7120BL-tensile-stress-strain

 

BR42B Tensile Stress/Strain Curves

Ryton-BR42B-tensile-stress-strain

 

R-4-220BL Tensile Stress/Strain Curves

Ryton-R4220BL-tensile-stress-strain

 

R-7-220BL Tensile Stress/Strain Curves

Ryton-R7220BL-tensile-stress-strain

 

BR111BL Tensile Stress/Strain Curves

Ryton-BR111BL-tensile-stress-strain

 

XE4050BL Tensile Stress/Strain Curves

Ryton-XE5030BL-tensile-stress-strain

 

XE5030BL Tensile Stress/Strain Curves

Ryton-XE5030BL-tensile-stress-strain

 

​XK2340 Tensile Stress/Strain Curves

Ryton-XK2340-tensile-stress-strain

 

​R-4-230BL Tensile Stress/Strain Curves

Ryton-R4230BL-tensile-stress-strain

 

R-4-240BL Tensile Stress/Strain Curves

Ryton-R4240BL-tensile-stress-strain

 

Weld Lines

Weld Line Strength

Weld lines are formed during the molding process when the melt flow front divides and then flows back together. Typically, the weld line interface is resin rich because the glass fibers tend not to cross the interface. The lack of glass fiber reinforcement across the interface results in lower mechanical strength along the weld line. Gate location and fill patterns should be planned so that weld lines will be eliminated or located in areas of minimal stress whenever possible. 

If weld lines must bear stress, the part design should compensate for the typical weld line strengths indicated below. Weld line strength is highly dependent on molding conditions, so the part and tool design should allow for rapid injection, a hot flow front, and thorough packing. Gas entrapment is very detrimental to weld line strength, so molds must be designed to avoid back filling and should be adequately vented in areas where weld lines form.

Nominal Weld Line Tensile Strength of Ryton® PPS Compounds
BR111 and BR111BL 45 MPa 6.5 kpsi
BR42B 55 MPa 8.0 kpsi
R-4 and R-4-02 40 MPa 6.0 kpsi
R-4-200NA and R-4-200BL 60 MPa 8.5 kpsi
R-4-220NA and R-4-220BL 55 MPa 8.0 kpsi
R-4-230NA and R-4-230BL 40 MPa 6.0 kpsi
R-4-240NA and R-4-240BL 80 MPa 11.5 kpsi
R-4XT and R-4-02XT 55 MPa 8.0 kpsi
R-7-120NA and R-7-120BL 45 MPa 6.5 kpsi
R-7-121NA and R-7-121BL 40 MPa 6.0 kpsi
R-7-220BL 45 MPa 6.5 kpsi
XE4050BL 45 MPa 6.5 kpsi
XE5030BL 50 MPa 7.5 kpsi
XE5515BL 65 MPa 9.5 kpsi
XK2340 60 MPa 8.5 kpsi

Test Method: ISO 527, double end gated specimens

Test Specimen Molding Conditions: Melt Temperature 315-343°C (600-650°F); Mold Temperature 135°C (275°F)

THE NOMINAL PROPERTIES REPORTED HEREIN ARE TYPICAL OF THE PRODUCTS BUT DO NOT REFLECT NORMAL TESTING VARIANCES AND THEREFORE SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR SPECIFICATION PURPOSES.